In Love with and Dependent on Technology Essay examples

In Love with Technology When taking a closer look at really how dependent we, as a general society, are so in love with our technology and in reality how scary it is how much we use this tool to run almost every aspect of our lives. I feel that I could not go out anywhere, even right now, not find some direct correlation of technology influencing my path from A to B. In no sense am I a extremist believing that technology is the devil and will ultimately lead us to our downfall, but I can open my eyes every once and a while and truly see how much of our world is governed by these â€Å"great† innovations. I know that it may sound a little hypocritical, I am writing this paper on my new laptop, in a wireless room, and when finished will send†¦show more content†¦It really seems that this is the mind set of everyone who has ever owned some piece of technology that has truly enhanced their life. This to me is sad that someone can let something so small and so not worth it, in the grand picture, control how they live out their existence they call life. I know that it is harsh, but it is clear to me that if we do noting to divert from the part we are currently on then will have to face that day where there are no more innovations, no more super super super computers to rely on, and no more life as we once new it. I think that, not want that, but believe that it will take some huge meltdown of the system to truly show how we are being controlled by something that we created. There inevitably will be some glitch or some malfunction in some piece of hardware that will show us how reliant we are and how wrong we were in putting a machine before human interest. In my own life I have seen technology grow at a pace that is unmatched by anything else in history. We have let this great thing influence everything from national security to human conversation. Don’t get me wrong, I think that the most of the innovations are for the better and will, in the long run, strive to better our society. But, what I am hesitant about is that will there be a point where someone will say enough is enough. Will future generations be able to make that distinction and drawn the line of no more. On the path we are on now, I don’t think thatShow MoreRelatedThe Ideas Of Technology In Fahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury999 Words   |  4 Pageshouseholds. As a result, people start to be addicted to various forms of technology, which they end up living empty and emotionless lives. Censoring literacy causes an individual to be more dependent on technology, which leads to unhappiness. Today, in my speech, I am going to talk about the ideas of technology, lit eracy, censorship, and unhappiness, and how all these values affect our individual lives. Although others may say that technology can be beneficial and interesting to individuals; however, it canRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And Our Society1500 Words   |  6 PagesWhat would our world be like if technology completely ruled our lives? Is it not what our lives are like now? In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Guy Montag lives in a dystopian society where books are burned and lives are ruled by technology. Here, technology rules how people act, think, and spend their time. Technology is basically a distraction from the real problems of society. People forget how to think for themselves and they become conformists. Technology has made the society in FahrenheitRead MoreEssay about Brave New World: The Destruction of Family1492 Words   |  6 PagesIs the push for a perfect utopia enough to siphon motherhood, family, and love? As in Brave New World, Aldous Huxley illustrates the destruction of the idea of family in this ’perfect world‘. People in the world to day have the ability to express love and obtain a family. Huxley explores the futuristic outlook on a world (in many ways similar to ours) that would not allow such humanistic traits. Science is so called the ’father of progress’ and yet the development of Fordism and the evolution of artificialRead MoreLiterature : The Hunger Games, Divergent, And The Maze Runner1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe novels all contain futuristic societies in which technology suppresses human emotions. Furthermore, this theme of repressing emotions transcends young adult novels and can be seen in many forms of literature-- ranging from classical to children s films. Literature often portrays technology as a tool by which people become desensitized to human emotions. In literature, human emotions become subverted by technology when technology begins absorbing the user’s attentions. For exampleRead More Brave New World - A Wake-Up Call for Humanity Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesessay has problems with the format) Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, human society has had to struggle to adapt to new technology. There is a shift from traditional society to a modern one. Within the last ten years we have seen tremendous advances in science and technology, and we are becoming more and more socially dependent on it. In the Brave New World, Huxley states that we are moving in the direction of Utopia much more rapidly than anyone had ever anticipated. ItsRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media On Technology719 Words   |  3 PagesAntonio Leal Per:2 Society has become too dependent with technology in their lives because theyre always on it, children are negatively affected, and it can become a hazardous obsession. First of all, everyone is always using social media and they’re on their device most of their device device most of the time. Grantend, it is known that they are laws in california that drivers in California and have to be hands free . However I know that people still post on social media and text whenRead MoreA Dystopian Society in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451654 Words   |  3 PagesToday technology controls almost everything we do, from the way we go places to what we eat. With this power of technology comes good and evil, medicines and poisons. Through technology we have accesses way more information than before. For example every day you can absorb as much knowledge as King Henry the eighth did in his entire life. This is all due to the improvement of technology. Sadly technology also has a bad side, with faster communication, rumors can be spread faster and kids can be bulliedRead MoreEssay on Brave New World823 Words   |  4 Pagesare replaced by new age technology. As a result, the people of the Brave New World now worship Henry Ford instead of God, use test tubes instead of natural birth, and use a hallucinogenic drug called soma instead of facing reality and the everyday responsibilities of adulthood. Although the appeals of this world are alluring and attractive, they are only a distraction to cover up a hidden truth that can even be seen in today’s society. The fact of the matter is, as technology advances, people are becomingRead MoreThe Clock Strikes 12 : 30 A.m1364 Words   |  6 Pagesnotifications or if I am missing anything. I believe the impact of being dependent on my phone has been mostly positive. Staying connected is very important to me. I love every aspect of technology. I love being able to pick up my phone and talk to any member of my friends or family instantly. Scrolling down social media and reading the latest news stories or popular posts is one of my favorite ways to spend time. I love to read the posts all my friends from high school post just to feel updatedRead MoreThe World Of Technology : Young Adults1536 Words   |  7 Pagesof technology Cynthia Sanchez Professor Greeley ENG 111 27 November 2015 The World of Technology: Young Adults In the 21st century technology has become such a big part of our society; it is so powerful because it affects everyone all over the world. For example, technology not only affects children and young adults in their workspace, such as in school or throughout their careers, but also in their day-to-day personal lives. In this day and age, because of the convenience which technology can

Clinique -International Famous Brand - 1077 Words

CLINIQUE, which is a famous international makeup and personalized skin care brand, has been founded in 1968 in New York, USA. According to Xiaoqian (2004) mentioned that CLINIQUE is related to the English word clinic at the beginning of be founded, so just from the name can be seen this brand is held tightly with medical test. CLINQUE formed the strong contrast with other makeup and personalized skin care brand as its simple packaging, pure fresh smell, and the background of medical research. This essay is going to describe the emotional and rational brand values and characters of CLINIQUE makeup and personalized skin care products from following marketing ideas: identifying market segments and selecting target markets, setting the†¦show more content†¦CLINIQUE brand is founded from that time. 3-steps is the widely known products for CLINIQUE, it includes: Facial Soap, Clarifying Lotion, and Dramatically Different Moisturizing Lotion, especially Dramatically Different Moistu rizing Lotion is the most popular product, every 3.7 seconds sold 1 bottle in almost 99% CLINIQUE’s chain stores. In American and British, the distribution of CLINIQUE is the top 1 compare with other top grades makeup brands. (2005) It is also the first brand pointed out the definition of SPF and the first the makeup brand that adopted physical elements to make their makeup products by sun shine defendant. In 1976, the first top grade skin care products for men are developed by CLINIQUE. (2005) The logo of CLINIQUE is very simple, just a capital word C and its French brand name: CLINIQUE, compare with LACOME which is a rose and also a French name. Finally, CLINIQUE as one of the top grade makeup and personalized skin care brands set its price at a high level. Price is the one element of the marketing mix that produces revenue; the other elements produce costs. (Kotler 2003, p470). Its competitors like LANCOME and Christian Dior do not influence the price of CLINIQUE; it just set the price by its costs, profits, and product quality leader position. First, CLINIQUE sets its price for the first time when it develops a new product depends on their high quality and 100% Fragrance Free products. Next, CLINIQUE sets its same products are pricedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Make Up Industry Marketing5151 Words   |  21 Pagescategory by magazine, newspaper, Internet, and over the counter knowledge. During research we found that Lanc#244;me, Estee Lauder, and Clinique were the top-selling prestige facial makeup brands in the United States. Lanc#244;me, is under the wing of parent company LOreal, and was founded in 1935. Estee Lauder was f ounded in 1946 and Estee Lauder Companies founded Clinique in 1968. Their target market ranges from women 18-45 years of age and its specific focus is professional Generation X women. In thisRead MoreThe Skincare Tit Beauty2115 Words   |  9 Pagesprosperous recognized brand of companies worldwide. In a span of about fifteen years, the company grew and continued to market their product line in the United States. By 1960, the company penetrated the international market by starting its first international account in the London department store Harrods. They have faces to the likes of Kendal Jenner, an american socialite and TV personality best known from the show Keeping up with the Kardashians, representing their brand. They have other IconicRead MoreSwot Analysis Mac Cosmetics3535 Words   |  15 PagesExecutive Summary This report is to find out what M ·A ·C’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are. The research question is stated like: Should M ·A ·C adapt their promotional tools in the Dutch market in order to increase their sales and brand awareness? After analyzing the external and internal environment, it became clear what the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are. |Strengths |Weaknesses Read MoreNivea Marketing Research1336 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction This assignment highlight on positioning strategy for Nivea For Men within the wide. NIVEA is one of the families of brands owned by Beiersdorf, the international skincare company and it began in 1911(Nivea for Men - Brief, 2011). In 1980 Nivea launched NIVEA FOR MEN globally, and it was very famous among the male as it was the first product that are alcohol-free. Market segment Market segmentation is the key strategic concept in marketing today (Michael N. Tuma, 2011)Read MoreThe Analysis of Hong Kong Sasa‚Äà ´s Supply Chain and Logistics System2805 Words   |  12 PagesBeijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, P.R.China, 102600 zhangchaoying@bipt.edu.cn Abstract:Hong Kong SASA International Holdings Limited is the largest and leading cosmetics retailing and beauty care service group in Asia. Its sale prices are much lower than those of exclusive stores and counters because it adopts the strategy of bulk purchase throught the world and marketing many brands comprehensively. This thesis, through field research, systematic analysis and hierarchy analysis,will analyzeRead MoreEstee Lauder: Integrated Marketing Communications plan4637 Words   |  19 Pageswill have an impact on Estee Lauders integrated marketing communications program (IMC). A situation analysis is necessary to determine the position Estee Lauder is currently occupying , in terms of finances, promotional strategies, product range and brand image. A thorough analysis will help identify any opportunities and potential threats that the company may come across and the effect that these opportunities and threats will have on their new IMC program. Strengths and Weaknesses will also be identifiedRead MoreHugo Boss Marketing7038 Words   |  29 Pagesthe first time more than half of the turnover is realized by international activities. In 2005, PG buys Gillette. Hugo Boss is created in 1923 in Germany and buys by PG in 1994 in the beauty section. In 2005/2006, the turnover is 68,2 billion dollars, the net income is 6,92 billion dollars, the investments are 2,67 billion dollars, and the budget research is about 2 billion dollars . PG sells over severals brand such as Pringles, Swifer, Febreze, Dash for the house, snacksRead MoreMarketing Report for LOreal6541 Words   |  27 Pagesand thirty countries worldwide. LOreal is divided into four categories - consumer products, professional products, luxury products, active cosmetics. They mainly focus on skin care, make-up, hair care and fragrance. LOreal includes some important brands such as Lancà ´me Paris, Garnier, Mabelline, Softsheen Carson, Matrix, and Biotherm. LOreal invests heavily into its research and development which gives them competitive advantage over its competitors. We as a group are going to produce a strategicRead MoreJurlique Marketing2356 Words   |  10 PagesJurlique cosmetic products for the Australian target market. The key findings are: Australia is a huge market for cosmetic and toiletry industry, while it is full of competition due to the zero duty on American cosmetics; Jurlique is a well established brand for most Australia customers, however, it still needs unique selling points other than natural ingredient to expand its market share. This is mostly based on the product research and development. 2.0 Introduction 2.1 PurposeRead MoreSwot Analysis2048 Words   |  9 Pagesbring to they table, what sets them apart. Ulta Salons and Cosmetics have several strengths that they can bring to consumers. The first strength Ulta has is the fact that they offer quality products. They sell pretty much every mass cosmetics name brand you can think of. From L’Oreal, Cover Girl to Rimmel, Revlon, Max Factor, and even Maybeline. They have it all. Not only do they sell the â€Å"regular† cosmetics such as the ones mentioned, but they also sell what they call â€Å"prestige cosmetics†. These

Managing Across Cultures Global Economy

Question: In todays global economy, working with people from different cultures is becoming the norm. Although this brings many rewards it also introduces challenges for both workers and management alike. All managers know that motivating their staff is the key to a successful business. To do this, they must understand what drives their staff. But what if their staff seem to think and behave in unexpected ways? This can happen when people from very different cultures work together. Organisations are beginning to realise the importance of training their managers to become inter-culturally competent in order to ensure their staff continue to be motivated and productive. The main issues to be discussed in this report are: How culture influences working styles Different management styles The importance of training managers to become inter-culturally competent Answer: Introduction In todays global economy, working with people from different cultures is becoming the norm. Although this brings many rewards it also introduces challenges for both workers andmanagement alike. All managers know that motivating their staff is the key to a successful business (Vecchi and Brennan, 2009). To do this, they must understand what drives their staff. But what if their staffs seem to think and behave in unexpected ways? This can happen when people from very different cultures work together. Organisations are beginning to realise the importance of training their managers to become inter-culturally competent in order to ensure their staff continue to be motivated and productive. The main issues to be discussed in this report are: How culture influences working styles Different management styles the importance of training managers to become inter-culturally competent By analysing these issues in the organisation the management can manage their quality in cross culture perspective. Culture influences working style From the different market research it can be observed that culture always influences the working style in the organisation (Cross Culture, 2015). To make the organisation effective in their performance and to maintain the work environment balanced in the organisation the management needs to focus on the cross cultural management. Oman considered as one of the most desirable location within the Middle East country for developing new business for an organisation. Due to the several benefits most of the organisation operates their business in different region of the world as well as in Oman. Oman has observed as an enormous arrival of global organisations and employees. Operating trade in this Middle East country, conversely, is more complicated than merely go after different standard and corporate policies. Cultural standards or rules originated in Islamic law influence the whole thing from what time and how trade is carried out to organisation design (Cross, 2000). There are anxieties with the aim of a part of the players that has a convinced cultural correspondence or homogeneity could try to control the team progression and cancel the others effort of the squad (Gesteland, 1999). The leading group inside the squad might attempt to roll assessment towards a way by which they are secure within the organisation. This incident can produce annoying surroundings for the other team members in the organsiation. Accomplishment of the organisation is stands on recognizing these dissimilarities. Effectual utilize of different cultural teams be able to offer a basis of knowledge and modern thoughts and philosophy to improve the aggressive situation of the organizations (HBR's 10 must reads on managing across cultures, n.d.). On the other hand, cultural diversity can obstruct with the flourishing achievement of the plans in present multicultural international business society. To accomplish project objective, goals and to keep away from cultural confusion, project managers of the organisation needs to be ethnically responsive and encourage imagination and inspiration by the help of their flexible leadership styles. Due to the cross cultural aspects in the organisation the management of the organisation mainly faces the language, communication and expression issues in their business process. Working styles and methods might also differ when an organisational team obtains a cross-cultural combine of persons in their organisation (Hooker, 2009). Several work cultures promote person thoughts and proffer recompenses for their contributions within the organisation similar to the Americans did for an example. In few of the work cultures individuals are rough with self-government on the work and like better to be attached to the apron sequence of the manager or their head in their decision making time. When the organisation team has a combine of styles of employees, the distinctive team associates may show to be hostile team members at the time the not-so-distinctive individuals could combine into the squad and apparently appear to add very small amount for the team development (Joynt and Warner, 1997). It is significant to make last and obtain the most excellent out of every team associates in spite of the divergence in individuality types. Different management style Management style is very much important for any business operation. To run the business in effective way in the international market it is more important and pivotal role for the managers to adopt effective management style in their business (Lewis, 2000). By the help of effective management style the managers of the organisation can adopt effective leadership style in their business. With the help of effective leadership qualities and style it helps the managers to take a proper decision for the organisation to achieve its desired goals and objectives. One of the attractive things concerning style is that leaders or the managers with the extreme level of elasticity in technique obtain the most excellent results from their individuals (Managing Across Cultures, 2002). Leadership style is not concerning on good or bad things, right or wrong things, leadership style is all about relies on the job, individuals and state of affairs to be deal with. Autocratic style Autocratic leadership style is one of the most important leadership styles in the organisation. Management adopts this leadership style for taking a decision within a quick session. In this leadership style the manager or the leaders makes all the decision unilaterally. To make the decision the leader not even obtains any ideas and thoughts of the employees (Raz, 2002). This management style is less effective due to the less motivation and job satisfaction in the organisation. In this process of management style the managers or the leaders intimately supervise subordinates of the organisation. The main advantages of this management style is quick decision can be made and effective when utilizing workers. On the other hand the main disadvantages for this management style is, there is no two way communication among the manager and the employee and it built distances between them. Democratic Style Democratic leadership style is one of the most significant leadership styles within the organisation. Management adopts this leadership style for taking a decision with the help of all the workers and employees thoughts. In this leadership style the manager or the leaders makes all the decision along with the other stakeholders. To make the decision the leader obtains ideas and thoughts of the employees (Schneider and Barsoux, 2003). This management style is very much effective due to the high motivation and effective job satisfaction in the organisation. In this procedure of management style the managers or the leaders permits subordinates to take a part in the decision making process within the administration. The main advantages of this management style are authority is delegated to the employees. Due to the effective style the workers are more motivated and the organisation gets better performance in the competitive field. During the complex decision making time it helps the mana gers and the leaders to take decision effectively. On the other hand the main disadvantages for this management style are, there is due to the less experience among the workers often workers can give less effective idea which could b harmful for the organisation. Laissez faire style In this leadership style the managers or the leaders completely depends on the team or the group in the organisation for taking any decision and to obtain the task in which manner. To decide their own methods and policies the leaders fully depends on the individuals (Wilson, Hoppe and Sayles, 1996). The main advantages of this leadership or management style are it makes the business more creative and it gives high motivation to the people. The main disadvantage of this style is manager gives full freedom to the employees which lead less effective work environment (Yan, 2005). The importance of training managers to become inter-culturally competent Conventional projects, as state projects, might be distressed by behaviour disagreements among the employees. To mitigate the behavioural disagreement among the team and the employees the manager needs to enhance their skills and make the workplace more effective for their better outcomes (Zemke, Raines and Filipczak, 1999). Cultural dissimilarity between project team associates may produce extra misunderstanding all through the development life series. The influence of cultural issues, like as time divergences, language barriers, socio-economic factors, religious assortment, and political affairs could consequence in a normative prototype advising a range of allowable performance so as to give confidence self-interest for the managers. Conclusion From the above report study it can be concluded that, due to the cross culture in the organisation the working style might be affected due to the less communication and less similarity among the people from the different region. By the help of different management style adoption the managers or the e leaders can mitigate the issues regarding the cross culture within the organisation and enhance the quality of their business and services. Universal project management can do well from side to side effectual leadership style, mutual admiration and cross-cultural communication. To mitigate the issues in the organisation the managers needs to develop their skills and management style by the help of different training and program. To mitigate the cultural dissimilarity between the workers the managers needs to adopt effective communication skill and leadership qualities by which they can manage the overall process and get the effective outcomes in their business. References Cross Culture. (2015). Authorhouse. Cross, E. (2000). Managing diversity--the courage to lead. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Gesteland, R. (1999). Cross-cultural business behavior. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press. HBR's 10 must reads on managing across cultures. (n.d.). . Hooker, J. (2009). Corruption from a crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management, 16(3), pp.251-267. Joynt, P. and Warner, M. (1997). Managing across cultures. London: International Thomson Business Press. Lewis, R. (2000). When cultures collide. London: Nicholas Brealey. Managing Across Cultures. (2002). [Place of publication not identified]: Center for Creative Leadership. Raz, A. (2002). Emotions at work. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center. Schneider, S. and Barsoux, J. (2003). Managing across cultures. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Vecchi, A. and Brennan, L. (2009). Quality management: a crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management, 16(2), pp.149-164. Wilson, M., Hoppe, M. and Sayles, L. (1996). Managing across cultures. Greensboro, N.C.: Center for Creative Leadership. Yan, J. (2005). A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 5(1), pp.49-66. Zemke, R., Raines, C. and Filipczak, B. (1999). Generations at work. New York: AMACOM.

The car ride free essay sample

My family has always gone on vacation. We have traveled everywhere across the spacious USA! I can still remember the shimmering cool water of the Florida Springs, and the Rocky Mountains looming over the wild plains of Kansas like giants. The places I have seen and experienced are endless. Thanks mom and dad, but throughout these incredible ventures, one miniscule detail always sticks out like a sore thumb; the car ride! Don’t get me wrong, I love going on vacation! I revel in the adventures new places bring. It’s just that being stuck in a minivan with five other people and a dog for hours and hours can be quite excruciating. Finally, with everything ready to go, we’re off, right? Wrong! We always end up turning right back to get my little sister’s stuffed animal or make sure all the lights are on timers and the oven is off! Then my mother’s dreaded statement, â€Å"I hope everyone has gone to the bathroom, because we won’t be stopping for a couple hours!† Of course, my brother in the back of the van is the one who has to go. We will write a custom essay sample on The car ride or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Climbing right over me, he disturbs the precarious comfortable position I am already in. Restoring my lost territory, we set out again! With everyone excited about the trip, the car ride is peaceful for a few hours. Cramped and hungry, lunch time arrives bringing on a new wave of tension! The silence is shattered with roaring voices, â€Å"How much did he get? Mom!!! Grant is picking all the MM’s out of the trail mix!† After lunch, time inches by at a snail’s pace, interwoven with the famous cries of â€Å"How much longer? Are we there yet?† Then, with just an hour to go, almost there, out come the final bathroom calls†¦ Ok. I will admit it; I may have exaggerated the car ride a bit! In spite of car rides being painfully long and tedious, they have subtly awakened auspicious characteristics into my life. I have learned a great deal of patience, with others and with myself. I’m becoming more successful at stopping myself before I go into a huge tirade that would hurt both parties. â€Å"Breathe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I tell myself. Knowing that my emotions often cloud my thinking, I try to detach and look at both sides of the situation. When I do this, I find I am able to discuss the issue in a more productive way. A compromise keeps both parties from wasting time and energy, and prevents the extreme resentment of a win-lose ending. Wow!! Who would have ever thought I could gain so many life lessons from those family car rides? As I look back, I realize how important they were in shaping who I am today. Every experience in my life, whether large or small, is there for a reason, bringing something new and challenging for me to learn. I can’t wait for my next family vacation with the lessons and adventures it brings.

Yucca essays

Yucca essays One of the most controversial issues that surround the Yucca Mountain project is the impact it will have on the surrounding environment and people. Many who are opposed to the repository site are understandably worried since just a little amount of radiation can devastate natural habitats, contaminate groundwater, and lower the quality of air. However, to understand the damages that radiation can cause one first must understand what exactly is radiation. Radiation is basically energy that is transmitted in the forms of waves or particles (Zumdahl 982). There are many types of radiation such as ultraviolet rays from the sun, microwaves, and radio waves. The most harmful type of radiation is gamma rays. Gamma radiation is in the form of high-energy waves and is often found in the radioactive wastes that will be stored at the repository. For humans, this type of radiation is harmful either in low or high dosages. These rays can cause birth defects in newborns and increase the chances of cancer. A person who stands one yard away from an unshielded spent nuclear fuel assembly could receive a lethal dose of radiation in less than three minutes (Transportation). Although the casks, the containers that hold the radioactive waste, protect humans from the harmful gamma rays, it does not completely block out the radiation. Federal regulations allow a low level of radiation to emanate from the casks (Transportation). Not harmful under normal conditions, the low levels of radiation coming from the casks could still cause people to have constant health difficulties due to repeated and long-term exposure. In terms of the environment, opponents of the project are worried that the radiation emitting from the repository could contaminate the groundwater, deplete the ozone and cause the destruction of natural habitats and their wildlife. However many of the researchers and scientists who performe ...

How Baking Soda Works - Cooking Chemistry

How Baking Soda Works - Cooking Chemistry Baking soda (not to be confused with baking powder) is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) that is added to baked goods to make them rise. Recipes that use baking soda as a leavening agent also contain an acidic ingredient, such as lemon juice, milk, honey or brown sugar. When you mix together the baking soda, acidic ingredient, and liquid youll get bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. Specifically, the baking soda (a base) reacts with the acid to give you carbon dioxide gas, water, and salt. This works the same as the classic baking soda and vinegar volcano but instead of getting an eruption, the carbon dioxide fizzes to puff up your baked goods. The reaction occurs as soon as the batter or dough is mixed, so if you wait to bake a product containing baking soda the carbon dioxide will dissipate and your recipe will fall flat. The gas bubbles expand in the heat of the oven and rise to the top of the recipe, giving you a fluffy quickbread or light cookies. Waiting too long after mixing to bake your recipe can ruin it, but so can using old baking soda. Baking soda has a shelf life of about 18 months. You can test baking soda before adding it to a recipe to make sure its still good.

Casual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Casual analysis - Essay Example Although scientists want to make us believe that embryos are not humans, they have done studies to demonstrate that development of humans starts from fertilization to adulthood. This depicts that though embryos may not be rational, they represent a stage through which all humans must pass and without which no human would be in existence (Family Research Council Web). Human embryonic stem cell research is a controversial issue not just in United States in all nations where scientists have attempted to seek government funding for the research. President Bush banned federal funding on stem cell research involving human embryo. However, irrespective of the controversies surrounding the human embryonic stem cell research, President Obama lifted the ban allowing research in human embryonic stem cell to be funded by federal government. This paper argues that the lifting of the ban on embryonic stem cell research was erroneous since embryonic stem cell research will result in negative effect s. Additionally, the paper will demonstrate how federal funding, state funding, and debates on the media have encouraged continuance of embryonic stem cell research irrespective of the several negative impacts associated with the research. Human embryonic stem cell research is a research that involves manipulation of stem cell extracted from an embryo. For the cells to be extracted, the embryo must be destroyed. Jamie Thomson initiated the embryonic stem cell research in 1998. The research involves removal of embryonic cells from an embryo and culturing them in the laboratory for research on human diseases (â€Å"The Witherspoon Council on Ethics and the Integrity of Science† 129-133). The cells are preferred by scientists due to their great capacity to develop into different body cells. Since its start, embryonic stem cell research has aggravated serious controversies in the political, ethical, and religious arenas. However, stem cell research is wide and it involves use of adult stem cells as well as embryonic stem cells. The use of adult stem cells is not controversial since it does not involve dehumanizing acts. The main controversy is that the embryonic stem cell research involves sacrificing of human life, which is unethical since the embryos used for the research do not survive (Family Research Council Web; James 8-9; Robertson 193-195). Every scientific study is required to follow certain ethical principles. One such principle is that it should work towards raising the human dignity. In case of embryonic stem cell research, there is great disregard for human life. The argument that an embryo cannot be considered a human has already been disapproved by cloning, which has shown that life begins at conception. Therefore, treating embryos that are below fourteen days old as non-humans is unethical. The pre-embryo and post embryo distinctions used by embryonic stem cell researchers to validate their practices is not justifiable (â€Å"The Witherspoo n Council on Ethics and the Integrity of Science† 132-135). The stem cell research is surrounded by many ethical questions. The main ethical question regards the morality of destroying human embryos that have the potential of developing into independent beings. Although supporters of this research argue that the embryos used for research are not obtained from the human uterus but produced in the laboratories, the research is still unethical. Creating life to destroy it is erroneous (Family Research

Krohn et al. (2011). The Cascading Effects of Adolescent Gang Research Paper

Krohn et al. (2011). The Cascading Effects of Adolescent Gang Incolvement across the Life Course - Research Paper Example What is specifically meant by adult life chances is a satisfactory family life and economic well-being at the age ranging from late 20s to early 30s. And what is meant by adult criminal behavior is persistent criminal behavior at the age of 31. What concept represents the independent variable(s) in this article and what is the conceptual definition of this concept discussed by the authors? The independent variable in this study is gang involvement in adolescence. Gang involvement is defined as a self report of being a member of any street gang or â€Å"posse† between the age of 14 to 31 and the level of gang involvement is measured in terms of the number of waves in which a particular individual was involved with a gang between the age of 14 to 31. What concept represents the dependent variable(s) in this article and what is the conceptual definition of this concept discussed by the authors? The dependent variables in this study are precocious transitions, economic hardship, f amily problems, street crime and arrest. The concept of precocious transitions is defined as to include any, some, or all of the behaviors- early nest leaving (no longer resides with parents by wave 9), dropping out from high school prior to graduation (not graduated by wave 10), cohabitation (not married yet living with a partner when the individual is between 20 and 22 years of age) and teenage parenthood (had a child before the age of 20). Economic hardship is defined as to include unemployment (at 29 years of age) and income pattern (at 29 years of age). The concept of family problems is defined as to include scores corresponding to arguing, lose tempers, and physical fights at wave 13. The concept of street crime relates to the individual scores corresponding to being involved at the age of 31, in any of the 13 different street crimes listed. The concept of arrest is defined as self-reported arrest during 13th or 14th wave. What are the null and research hypotheses related to t his research question? The null hypothesis for this study is that there is no relationship between gang involvement in adolescence and life chances and criminal behavior in adulthood. The research hypothesis is that it is involvement in a gang that impacts an individual male’s life chances and eventually leads to criminal behavior as he matures into adulthood. Sample, Research Design and Data Collection Describe the sample (who or what was used and how they were selected) used in this study. The sample used in this study was the data from Rochester Youth Development Study which was a multi-wave panel study on how delinquency and drug use developed among the youth. This (RYDS) study had collected 14 waves of data from 1000 adolescents as they grew from 14 to 31 years of age and the study by Krohn et al (2011) has used the same data by way of a longitudinal analysis of data gathered from males alone which was not done by the original study. What type of research design did the authors use in this study and how was it structured? The research design was based on the structural equation model that allows to have an approximate measurement of cause-effect relationships, all the same leaving enough space for taking into account the estimation error. The design was structured so as to measure both the observed and latent variables. The two-step process involved

”Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe Essay Example for Free

†Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe Essay In †Things Fall Apart† Chinua Achebe takes us to a Nigerian village at the time of the British colonization of Africa where substantial changes are affecting the inhabitants. Okonkwo is a proud African man who strives to succeed in the Igbo society. In his early days he created a name for himself by being a successful wrestler. He then put enormous effort into making his farm prosperous by working hard and creating a big family. That he appreciates hard work and discipline defines him as a father. When he realizes that his oldest son Nwoye is not of the quality he requires, he feels himself obligated to take action mostly with the use of violence thought he finds little pleasure in beating the children and views. It is rather a way to obtain respect and his way of parenting. To some extent this domestic aggression is accepted and is an acknowledged part of the Igbo culture. Apart from the elevated position he acquires other clansmen do not always agree with his impulsive nature as for the incident during the week of peace when he beat his wife. At first sight Okonkwo is a confident man who has no fears. This is deeply rooted in the view of how a man should be in their culture where the ability to not show any emotions is highly redeemed. But actually, a lot of his actions can be traced back to fear and insecurity. This fear clearly has to do with Unoka, his work-shy father who left nothing over to his son but debt after his death. Eventually, these moral standards conflict Okonkwo when affection starts to grow for Ezinma, the daughter of his second wife, feelings which he experiences are difficult to handle. He also feels especially bad after he killed the adopted boy Igbomefuna, an act that puts Okonkwo in a depression that if nothing else demonstrates that something has changed in his character. †Okonkwo was also feeling tired, and sleepy, for although nobody else knew it, he had not slept at all last night. He had felt very anxious but did not show it. When Ekwefi had followed the priestess, he had allowed what was  regarded as reasonable and manly interval to pass and then gone with his machete to the shire†. (p 82) One could wonder why he follows even though the priestess had requested to be alone with Ezinma during the sprititualic ritual. It is evident that breaking the rules of the ritualic traditions is not something he could let himself do easily. Not mainly would it be fright of the gods. Okonkwo tries to keep up a facede which involves obeying the traditions of his ancestors as for not showing emotions. And with a past as a warrior it is understandable why he is keen to not look weak. Reference list: Things Fall Apart – Chinua Achebe Litterature Criticism And Theory – Andrew Bennet Nicholas Royle (p.63-70)

Peace Education :: Essays Papers

Peace Education Peace is not a new concept. People have been studying peace ever since there was conflict, loss, and the realization that we take peaceful times for granted. Peace education, as in peace taught in schools, on the other hand, has been forming mostly over the past three decades. There are several aspects of peace education that are essential knowledge when going to teach peace. In order for peace education to happen the teacher needs to take into consideration the child’s personal history, the environment provided for learning, definitions of peace, the criticism of peace education, the rationale for peace education, the skills, knowledge, and attitudes it aims to develop, and how it relates to the general peace movement. Peace research began as a response to World War II and the publics concern about a nuclear war. It started as a social science that looked at the problems of war in a systematic way as well as the quest for peace. These studies began in France at the Insititute Francais de Polaemologie and in a few graduate programs in the United States, such as Stanford, Northwestern and Yale. It focused primarily on foreign policy changes in a hope to prevent a World War III. The critics agreed that there needed to be peace research, but they believed it needed to be broadened. As it stood, peace research consisted of researching conflict not peace, and problems not the solutions. Over time these criticisms grew until the 1960s when they were coupled with the Third World Liberation movements, which created small scale revolutions and mounted up to the Indochina war. This was a turning point in peace research. Researchers began focusing on â€Å"positive peace† instead of reactionary peace. I n 1966, John Galtung established the Peace Research Institute in Oslo (PRIO). Shortly after the establishment of PRIO, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) opened. These institutes remain to this day reputable and thoroughly used by scholars. In the United States, the peace research movement was taking form through colleges by publishing scholarly journals, such as the Journal of Conflict Resolution at Swarthmore College. The end of the 1960s marked another shift in peace research. â€Å"We must gather together all the elements of this new world and organize tem into a science of peace.† (Montessori, 31) Peace science, as it was now deemed, was shifting from physical violence and war towards structural violence, such as capitalism, racism, colonialism, and imperialism.

Academic Challenges and Professional Goals

Please explain any academic and/or professional goals you have established for yourself and your efforts to accomplish these goals. Describe with examples of your leadership experience, in or out of school/college in which you significantly influenced others, helped resolve disputes, or contributed to group efforts: When I started college, my goal was to pick a major and stick with it until I was finished! Well I have halfway done that. I completed my undergraduate with honors in Elementary Education sticking with it until after student teaching, graduation, and certification. However, upon completion I realized that while I love children and teaching I cannot be stuck inside a building all day. Therefore, after completing my bachelors in December of 2012 I decided it was time to enroll at Southwestern Oklahoma State University and get a graduate degree in Sports Management. My goal as an educator was to be the best motivator and encourager I could be and I feel that I can also carry these goals over into sports management. With my ultimate professional goal to become an Intercollegiate Rodeo Coach. In an effort to complete this goal I chose a college in which I had heard great things about the rodeo coach and the program; thus, choosing SWOSU. As a student at SWOSU it's my goal to do my very best in every class receiving an A if possible. My goal is to show future employers that I am dedicated and I always do my best. At SWOSU I have been helping at rough stock practice in an effort to learn both sides of the arena. I have also chosen electives that I feel will help my students mentally prepare for competition. Last year and this coming year I will serve as the Central Plains Goat Tying Director. Serving as director I have studied the rule-book thoroughly with an effort to be prepared to the paperwork side of being a collegiate coach. I have worked hard to establish myself as a fierce competitor, potential coach and professional clinician. I have done this through winning the 2012 CNFR Reserve Champion Cowgirl title through hard work and a tight balance between school and practice. As a clinician I have took control of my own success making phone calls and raising money to put on many Pro bono clinics for organizations such as Range Riders Youth organization, Cal Farley's Boys Ranch, and rodeo bible camps. At these camps and clinics I have the chance to become an established leader and role model in many of these kids lives. I make it my utmost priority to keep in touch with many of these kids through email. Many of these students send me videos to critique and ask advice on questions both inside and outside of the arena. I am also the current Fellowship of Christian Cowboys-Rodeo Bible Camp Woman's Timed Event Coordinator. This means that I work to find clinicians to volunteer at more than 25 rodeo bible camps across the country in which I must find at least twelve women for each. Doing this has allowed me to meet some great people in which I have been able to lead in educating students in rodeo and a relationship with Christ. Please describe the most significant academic or personal challenge you have faced. Discuss the steps you have taken to address this challenge and what you have learned about yourself during the process: The most personal challenge I have faced is not necessary your typical physical adversary, but rather one of the mind, character, and emotions. My most personal challenge has been to overcome pride. Pride in my school work, pride in who I thought I was, and pride in my accomplishments inside the arena. The problem with pride is that it develops a mentality of fierce competition against everyone all the time. The problem with pride is that it becomes self-consuming-a place where no one else but self exists. With my goal to be successful at everything I did, I never made time for anyone else. Rather I was driven by to-do-lists and tight schedules. I have had a hard time overcoming my pride and making time for others. As a Christian I understand that God has commanded us to love your neighbor as yourself,† but when someone is consumed with their goals that doesn't leave much time for loving others. After God humbling me time and time again I finally gave up and allowed Him to be my goal; thus, replacing my pride with Him and His will. Pride has been something that has not been easy to overcome and it's something I have to overcome daily; however, I am not only getting better I am overcoming it! Through this process I have learned that I am inherently selfish and I can quickly become consumed with my self-goals of being â€Å"successful.† I have learned that success is not being the best in the classroom, arena, or life as the world sees it. Rather success is leaving people with a loving legacy. In the words of Maya Angelou – â€Å"I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made

Capitalism and Alienation: The Foundation

The development of capitalism can be correlated with the economic development in the West. Capitalism allowed innovation to take precedence over traditional forms of labor and business. It replaced these traditional forms because capitalism was by nature a flexible and adaptive economic system. By incorporating competition in its rubric (a sign of flexibility), it was able to encourage the private sector to invest more in the market, resulting inevitably to increased public welfare. It was also this competition that allowed innovation to develop. By increasing the number and quality of players in the market, economic collusion was prevented, and hence this forced all firms to formulate efficient means to capture a significant portion of the market share. Because other firms would want to â€Å"get† the same portion of the â€Å"pie†, their relative share in the market remained the same; increasing the benefits accrued to the society. Thus, we come to the second quality of capitalism: adaptability. Adaptability refers to the capacity of a system to capture new locations to which it may be situated. Being adaptive does not necessarily mean that capitalism will succumb to the power of tradition or existing cultural systems. Rather capitalism sought to redefine the foundations of society (Marx, 1844/1959). Changing some aspects of society would inevitably result to a categorical redefinition of societal institutions. Capitalism could then infiltrate the society and spread its scorching arms. At this point Marx began to examine the â€Å"evils† resulting from this economic system. He argued that although capitalism initially stimulated innovation, in the long-run the bad effects of capitalism would be revealed in the so-called â€Å"superstructures† (refer to the institutions of the society – as differentiated from â€Å"substructures† which refer to the overarching systems of any society). When capitalism developed into a full, working economic system, it encouraged the private sector to invest in the market. The market here referred to the manufacturing and industrial sectors of 19th century European cities. This caused widespread migration of laborers from rural areas to booming industrial centers. In exchange for wages, the laborers â€Å"sold† their labor to capital-owners – labor became a commodity. Because labor was treated as a commodity, the capital-owner became essentially the owner of labor (Marx, 1844/1959). Although it was far from slavery, its effects were never far from the â€Å"qualities† of slavery. Here Marx identified two major effects of capitalism that approached the characteristics of slavery. The first problem that workers encountered in the workplace was alienation. Alienation refers general to the breakdown of natural interconnectedness of entities (Marx, 1844/1959). Applied to the social sciences, this refers to the natural interconnectedness of man to other things. When a man produced a certain good, it was natural to consider the man as the owner of such good. In capitalism, because the laborer sold his labor to the capital-owner, the latter became the owner of the laborer’s labor. Thus, laborers experienced 4 types of alienation in the workplace. Here are as follows: 1) alienation of man to his own products, 2) alienation of man to his fellow workers, 3) alienation of man to the production process/activities, and 4) alienation of man to his own development. The first alienation refers to the inability of the worker to own the products made by his own labor. The second type of alienation refers to the breakdown of man’s relationship to his fellow laborers in the workplace. The third connotes the inability of man to control the production process to which his labor is a significant factor of production. The last type of alienation in the workplace refers to the incapacity of man, given current circumstances, to develop his personal being. According to Marx, even lawyers and respected professionals end up as laborers because of their incapacity to oppose capitalism. When alienation became immanent in the workplace, the capitalist could easily grapple the value of the laborers, exploiting it until valueless; thus the second problem – exploitation. Reference Marx, Karl. (1844/1959). Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. Moscow: Progress Publishers.

Most people need to find food at a reasonably affo Essays

Most people need to find food at a reasonably affo Essays Most people need to find food at a reasonably affordable price and Kroger offers it. HEB store falls behind in this arena because even though HEB offers food items, they aren't as cheap as Kroger. Walmart sells what the people need at an affordable price which brings in more customers. Walmart sells various name brand items in toys, hygiene, food, electronics and clothing. HEB focuses more on quality of food products even though the products are better quality they do slightly cost more. As far as arrangement both stores have like junk food down each aisle or canned goods and all the organic/healthy things on the outskirts. While Randall's is more expensive than both because most of the food there isn't processed. Also, compared to all three stores the customers in Randall's and the environment is more peaceful. Approximately around 50% of the products were produced in the US the rest is imported from other countries. Imports comprise an increasing share of food consumed by Americans, much of which cannot be produced domestically due to climate conditions and crop seasonality. Further, some imported foods cost less to produce abroad than their domestically grown counterparts. In conclusion consumers prefer an increasingly wider selection of food products, such as tropical fruits and vegetables, premium coffee, and a greater variety of cheese, grain products, and preserved meats so that why most of our products are from foreign places because the US cant' produce it all. Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on the climate. Increases in temperature and carbon dioxide can increase some crop yields in some places. Changes in the frequency and severity of droughts and floods could pose challenges for farmers and ranchers and threaten food safety. For example, while I was shopping at Walmart in the produce aisle I noticed the tomato had spots around it so maybe the climate change may have affected the growing season of it. Significant improvements in transport technology took place since Von Thunen designed his agricultural land use model. For instance, with rail systems, it became much more cost effective to transport agricultural commodities over longer distances. Further, refrigeration enabled to move perishable products cost-effectively over long distances. Since most of the American agricultural landscape was established in the late 19th and early 20th century, agricultural land use was much less constrained by transport costs. Large scale agricultural regions thus emerged where agricultural land use was influence by distance from major markets and by local geographical conditions. When comparing the prices between the stores I noticed the only difference between prices ranges from 30 cents to $2.00. Yes, the price difference is significant to those that have a very limited income and don't really care about quality of a product. But for those who care about the quality and where they buy their food products from than the price difference isn't as significant to them. My advice to those that have a limited income is get what you can afford and that you're not limited to only discount stores so get what you prefer but also afford at the same time.

3 Cases of Dangling Modifiers

3 Cases of Dangling Modifiers 3 Cases of Dangling Modifiers 3 Cases of Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol Each of the following sentences begins with a modifying phrase that is erroneously constructed in such a way that it appears to refer to the subject but does not. A discussion of the problem, and a revision that solves it, follows each example. 1. While not intended to be all-inclusive, the committee recommends that its suggestions be carefully considered as potential opportunities. As written, the modifying phrase implies that the committee is not intended to be all-inclusive, but it is the committee’s suggestions that do not have this intention. To fix the problem, explicitly refer to the suggestions in the modifying phrase: â€Å"While the committee’s suggestions are not intended to be all-inclusive, it recommends that they be carefully considered as potential opportunities.† 2. Like any major movie-franchise arrival, your TV, computer, and any other even tangentially pop culture–related technology will be inundated with publicity about the upcoming Star Trek film. This sentence erroneously compares technological devices to films. This revision restates the comparison as being between â€Å"any major movie-franchise arrival† and â€Å"the upcoming Star Trek film†: â€Å"As is the case with any major movie-franchise arrival, your TV, computer, and any other even tangentially pop culture–related technology will be inundated with publicity about the upcoming Star Trek film.† 3. As a convert to Judaism, I imagine that you are familiar with Jewish teachings on  compassionate speech  as well as the teaching that children are not responsible for sins of their fathers. Here, the writer identifies himself or herself as a convert to Judaism, but the writer’s intent to point out that the reader is the convert. The revision recasts the sentence so that the reference to conversion follows and therefore refers to the third-person pronoun rather than preceding the first-person pronoun and, as a result, implying that the writer is the convert: â€Å"I imagine that you, as a convert to Judaism, are familiar with Jewish teachings on  compassionate speech  as well as the teaching that children are not responsible for sins of their fathers.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConjunctionsHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?The Uses of â€Å"The†

Jean Yip International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Jean Yip International Marketing - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  Jean Yip group started as a Jean Yip Salon Limited in the year 1982, and Ms. Jean Yip was its founder. Through her exemplary leadership, the company has outspread from a single outlet in Katong Plaza to more than 60 hairdressing, beauty and slimming outlets today. The outlets in key locations all over Singapore. The company has also expanded regionally in cities of Malaysia, Indonesia and China. The group has a brilliant team of more of more than 800 creative hairstylists and professional beauty therapists making it the leading hair and beauty group in Singapore.   This study declares that  Jean Yip provides a wide range of hairdressing services with a little bit over 400 gifted and professional artistic hairstylists who can provide; super shine hair treatment services, super silk hair treatment services and amber duo color services. The company also provides face treatment services. Jean Yip has qualified employees who can perform skin lighten ing, black spot removal, pimple control among many others. The employees of this company are well equipped to perform R6 skin revolution facial treatment.  In terms of boy treatment, Jean Yip can conduct a series of treatments that include; Slimming, permanent hair removal and stretch mark removal services.  Nail care is another service that Jean Yip offers. The company produces brands that are top notch service such as manicured and pedicured nails are some.  

Law & Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law & Morality - Essay Example We also ensured that at every meeting we had something new to discuss on. This called for preparation even on our own before we met. We encountered several problems as a team though. A top performer in a group can act as a motivator, was the realization just a few days before the debate. One of our team members had always participated in debates right from his early teens. His enthusiasm influenced all of us to such an extent that most of us realized the potential we carry both in terms of creative thinking and expression of thoughts. This motivated us to work harder towards our goal. Being a part of the team the outcome would depend upon the team dynamics. Working as a team was like a jigsaw puzzle of complimentary parts fitting perfectly together. Teams can bring skills and experience that far exceeds what an individual can do alone. Involvement of all team members encourages innovation and creativity through sharing individual knowledge. Fortunately our group was cohesive and being on the same wave length, communication was smooth. Just as things were going in the right direction, two of the members suddenly dropped out in the last three days without even informing us of their decision not to participate in the debate. Initially this was like a bombshell till we realized that conflicts and problems can have positive outcomes. Since we were disturbed due to lack of communication from their end, we had to postpone the debate by three days. Finally we emerged victorious as we learnt so many things out of the sudden departure of our group members. This conflict or disturbance urged us to work harder. Conflicts have been known to enhance performance and this is precisely what their sudden exit did to our group. Had they carried their personal stress to the team all of us might have been negatively affected. After this, we came closer as a team and decided to keep constantly in touch with each other both

Source Criticism and Narrative Criticism of Genesis Essay

Source Criticism and Narrative Criticism of Genesis - Essay Example Carvalho in her Primer on Biblical Methods (4) cited one source inconsistency in Genesis where in Genesis 6:3, God limits human life to 120 years, but Abraham lives to 175 (Gen 25:17) and Sarah to 127 (Gen 23:1). This inconsistency, however, is not just limited to age but even in the Name of the Supreme Being Himself suggesting that there were different mindsets with a different parallel universe wrote the Genesis. In Genesis 1:12:4b, the Supreme Being was addressed as Elohim whereas in Genesis 2:4b-3:24, the Supreme Being was addressed as YHWH. The same God is called by different names. The contextual placement of the narrative (for narrative criticism) was also different from each other which further suggest that the text came from different perspectives. In Genesis 1:1-2:4b where God was called Elohim, God was characterized as majestic, distant and cosmic and does not interact with man. In Genesis 2:4b-3:24 where God was called YHWH however, God is more personal and interactive as He was walking around the Garden and even talks to people. Narrative criticism is another method to evaluate the contextual integrity of the Bible. Narrative criticism invites the reader to assess the work as a whole and to note its stylistic characteristics which resemble those of other literary works with a beginning, a middle, and an end (Browning). There were basically two narratives of the creation in Genesis which sounds almost the same but close scrutiny of the narrative reveals its inconsistency.  

Fate in Death of a Salesman

Fate in Death of a Salesman Abstract Death of a Salesman is a tragedy written by American playwright Arthur Miller. It describes a story about Willy Loman whose American dreams shattered and eventually he lost his life for it. Willy Lomans tragic experience reveals the conflicts between the individual, the family and social values of the United States. Miller tells us that we should not be misled by the money worship; otherwise we will become victims of commodity wrong values. This paper will analyze the tragic fate of Willy Loman from four different perspectives: inaccurate self-evaluation, incompetent role-player in family, wrong outlooks on values and being a victim of the American Dream, hoping to inspire and enlighten the readers from the tragic fate of Willy Loman and to find our real selves in the complicated and changeable world. 1. Introduction 1.1 Arthur Miller Arthur Miller was one of the most distinguished dramatists of the twentieth century. He was born in Jewish family in New York on October 17th 1915. As his fathers business failed during the Depression and the family suddenly became poor, Miller had to discontinue his studies and go to work to earn his university fees after he finished high school. He worked various jobs, such as a truck driver, a waiter, a farmhand, etc. Through these jobs, he saw the injustice of the capitalist system and understood the hard life of workers. The personal experiences provided him with firsthand knowledge about the lower class when he came to write plays and fiction. Through Millers career, he wrote lots of valuable masterpieces which contributed a lot to the American theater, ranging from All My Sons (1947) to Death of a Salesman (1949), from The Crucible (1953) to A View from Bridge (1955), from After the Fall (1964) to Broken Glasses (1994). Miller continually addressed several distinct but related issues in both his dramatic and contemporary writings: the form of tragedy applicable to modern times and contemporary characters, the individuals relationship to society, and family relations, particularly interactions between fathers and sons (à ©Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ®, 2007: 421). He criticized the social problems sharply and at the same time showed his compassion to the common people living at the foot of the society ladder. He has influenced many younger American dramatists, such as Edward Albee, August Wilson, and David Mamet. Miller is a major pioneer in the development of American theater alongside Eugene ONeil and Tennessee Williams, and Death of a Salesman is his important work. The play suggested new theatrical possibilities with its unique blend of realism and expressionism, as well as offering a challenge to previous definitions of tragedy (Susan C.W., 2007: 71). 1.2 The plot of Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman is one of the best three plays with Eugene ONeils Long Days Journey into night and Tennessee Williamss A Street Car Named Desire. After it staged in 1949, it ran for 742 performances on Broadway. It won important awards, including the New York Drama Critics Circle Best Play, Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Award for Best Play. The play presents the tragedy of a common person, Willy Loman, an aging travelling salesman who is working for the Wagner Company. After having labored for thirty-four years for that firm, he is fired by Howard Wagner, the head of the company, because he is too old to sell products to make profits for the company. But he is still in debt, so he and his wife are struggling to pay the bills while his two sons are not helpful. Willys two goals throughout his life have been to be popular and have his own company, but they havent come true. Biff, a habitual thief, and Happy, a self-deluded guy, have failed to fulfill their fathers dream of achi evement. Reviewing his life, he is forced to confront its futility and failure. He kills himself in a planned car accident, hoping to provide Biff with twenty thousand dollars from the life insurance company to start his store. The play has profound social significance, because it is from the real life and authentically reflects the tragedy of common man in America (à ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ £Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’2008). 1.3 Purpose of the paper Willy Lomans tragic experience shows the conflicts between the individual, the family and social values of the United States. Miller tells us that we should not be misled by the money worship; otherwise we will become victims of commodity wrong values. In materialistic society, People tend to ignore the cruel reality. Their cravings for material things seem never satisfied. People cannot distinguish reality and illusion. Inevitably, this will causes contradictions between individual, family and society and eventually brings about peoples downfall, like Willy Loman in the play. According to this phenomenon, this paper will analyze the tragic fate of Willy Loman from four different perspectives: inaccurate self-evaluation, incompetent role-player in family, wrong outlooks on values and being a victim of the American Dream, hoping to inspire and enlighten the readers from the tragic fate of Willy Loman and to find our real selves in the complicated and changeable world. 2. Literature Review Death of a Salesman is written in realistic dialogue about ordinary people. It is based in large part on the experiences of Millers family during the Depression and his passionate belief in the honor of work and the difficulties of living the American dream. After its opening in Broadway, response to the play was tremendous; audiences and critics had been attracted. The criticism on Death of a Salesman came from the anti-communist movement known as McCarthyism,but the larger part of comments are praises. Robert Coleman of the Daily Mirror called the play emotional dynamite and reported that sobs were heard throughout the auditorium, and handkerchiefs were kept busy wiping away tears (Robert Coleman, 1949:360). Brooks Atkinson declared it superb, commenting on its poetry and calling it a wraith-like tragedy (Brooks Atkinson, 1949:27). Richard Watts asserted that under the director, Elia Kazens vigorous and perceptive direction, Death of a Salesman emerges as easily the best and most i mportant new American play of the year (Richard Watts, 1949:359). Yes, Death of a Salesman is a significant masterpiece of the American play. In theme, the play criticizes the role of capitalism in American society and condemns human nature with pity and sorrow. In technique, Miller broke out of the realistic confinements of time, space and psychology, with the innovative interweaving of the past with the present and of events inside Willys mind with those outside, which merges elements of both realism and expressionism(à ©Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’2007:423). Compared to traditional tragedy, Loman, as a protagonist, is neither upper class nor very intelligence. But he still manages to strike an emotional chord. He has a faulty vision of what makes a person successful, which makes him flawed, but regardless of the opposition and the ultimate cost to himself, he refuses to give up that vision, which makes him, in Millers eyes, a tragic hero. A man of his time, Loman bears realistic and far-reaching significance and connotation. In Contemporary American drama:a study in the plays of Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller and Edward A, Singh Abha comments that Willy Loman, the salesman, is a typical embodiment of modern business morality, but he is also a more universal figureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Like the great tragic figures of Sophocles and Shakespeare, Millers Willy is both an individual and a type (Singh, Abha, 1998: 70-71). Furthermore, Loman has attracted international audiences and continues to interest them to the present day. Theater scholar Brenda Murphy talks about the ease with which audiences all over the world have understood and sympathized with the plight of Willy Loman, and have grasped the issues of the play (Brenda Murphy, 1995:126). No doubt, the play attracts numerous audiences and critics. Whereas, the common audience are seriously concerned about the fate of Willy and are melt into tears for this tragedy of an everyman. In china, based on my survey on the domestic journals from 1979 to 2009, there are above 22 articles studying on Willy Lomans tragic fate in Death of a Salesman. Different critics have their own views. Wang Yan, from Shandong University, considers that Lomans tragedy is caused by the conflict of his dream and the reality. Zhu Yaning, from Foreign Languages Department of Henan Mechanical College, views that the disillusionment of American Dream leads to Lomans tragedy. W ang Dongmei, from Foreign Languages Department of Liaoning Technical University, regards that Lomans fate is caused by his own personality distortion. Wang Hong, from Huainan Normal College analyzes Willy Lomans fate from the respect of family factors. But for me, inaccurate self-evaluation, incompetent role-player in family, wrong outlooks on values and being a victim of the American Dream resulted in Willy Lomans tragedy. 3. Analysis of Willy Lomans Fate Willy Lomans whole life seems to have been a sellout; his sons have turned out badly, and his relationship with Biff has soured. Disappointedly, Willy chooses to end his life with expectation that his death could exchange for his sons success. The quasi-resolution that his suicide offers him represents only a partial discovery of the truth. He fails to grasp the true personal, emotional, spiritual understanding of himself. His name provides insights. Compared to William, Willy is a childish version indicating an intrinsic immaturity in his nature. He is too driven by his own willy-ness or perverse willfulness to recognize the slanted reality that his desperate mind has forged. Loman has been read as indicating Willy to be a low-man, common and insignificant. From the insights of his name, we can infer that Willy Lomans life will be a tragedy in the end, like characters of Dream of the Red Chamber. Not his name resulted in Willys tragedy fate, but his inaccurate self-evaluation, incom petent role-player in family, wrong outlooks on values and a victim of the American Dream resulted in his tragedy. 3.1 Willy Lomans inaccurate self-evaluation As a travelling salesman, Willy Loman sells products for Wagner Company by driving around New England. When he was young, he was ambitious and set his mind to provide a good life for his family. He worked diligently and enthusiastically, so that he made good profits. He averaged a hundred and seventy dollars a week in the year of 1928. He built up good relationship and reputation among his clients. He has much confidence about his life and dreamed that one day he would set up his own company. However, thirty-four years later, as he became too old to make profits for the firm, he was fired by his employer relentlessly, regardless of his thirty-four years contribution to the company. But he could not confirm his failure. When he would not sell products and get his commission, he borrowed money from his neighbor Charley and deceived his wife that the money was his commission. He trapped himself in the illusion and memory most his time. Under the pressing realities of his life, he could not endure the overwhelming tensions and commit suicide to earn the insurance money to help Biff become successful. Why Willy Loman lived so afflictingly? One of the reasons is that he can not evaluate himself accurately. Throughout the play, there are many implications that Willys wrong self-evaluation leads to his wrong choice of profession. He failed to find his real self, because he was covered by the illusions and the myths. From ACT ONE, Willy told Charley that, A man who cant handle tools is not a man (Arthur Miller, 1949:44). He can put up the ceiling in the living-room. That is a great piece of work, but Willy managed to do it. He, like his father, can build things with his own hand. However, Willy failed to recognize his abilities. If he could realize his talent and choose the job that can fulfill his talent, instead of being a salesman that way out there in the blue, riding on a smile and a shoeshine (Arthur Miller, 1949:138), Willy might seek both job satisfaction and fortune from his job. Also, he failed to recognize his natural inclinations and instincts. When Biffs decision to seek a business loan raises Willys spirits, and the way in which Willy expresses his optimism is quite revealin g. The first thing Willy thinks about is planting a garden in his yard; he then muses to Linda that they should buy a house in the country, so that he could build guesthouses for Biff and Happy when they have families of their own. These hopeful plans seem to illustrate how ill-suited Willy is to his profession, as it stifles his natural inclinations. His wistful fantasy of living in the forests of Alaska strengthens the implication that he chose the wrong profession. Indeed, the competitive, hyper-capitalist world of sales seems no more appropriate for Willy. He does not seem to like living in an urban setting. He complains that the way they boxed us in here. Bricks and windows, windows and bricks. The street is lined with cars. Theres not a breath of fresh air in the neighborhood. The grass dont grow any more, you cant raise a carrot in the back yard. They shouldve a law against apartment houses (Arthur Miller, 1949:17). From his words, we can infer that Willy is looking forward to living a leisure life, a farm life, not the busy, atwitter and strenuous life in New York. But Willy was unaware of this; he chose to be a salesman that conflicts with his natural inclinations and instincts. At first, his motivation to be a salesman was impure. He chose the job not from his own abilities and interests, but from the admiration for Dave Singleman. If Willy could evaluate himself accurately and respect his own needs, he would live a totally different life from now. He would not commit himself to a pathetic death and meaningless legacy. 3.2 Incompetent Role-player in family Willy is a salesman who struggles for a better life in the cruel society, a husband who has his wifes love and support and a father who lives with his children. It is important to examine the evolution of Willys relationship with his family, as the solid family is one of the most prominent elements of the American Dream. But in the present, Willys relationship with his family is fraught with tension. 3.2.1 A father unfit for his position As a common father, he hopes to win the respect and love of his sons and has great expectation to his two sons. But the cruel reality is that Biff is a pilferer and Happy is a liar. Everything goes against his wishes. The main reason is that Willys improper education to his sons. As a youth, Biff was led to believe that since he was well liked he could get away with anything. He begins to steal: a football from school, lumber for the house, a crate of balls from Bill Oliver. Willy is desperate that Biff should succeed in life, so instead of punishing him, he condones the thefts and makes excuses, neglecting to instill in his son the moral values a parent should teach a child. For instance, when the young Biff stole the football from the school, Willy said, Coachll probably congratulate you on your initiative! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Thats because he likes you. If somebody else took that ball thered be an uproar (Arthur Miller, 1949:30). This way of education makes Biff lose the ability to recognize the correct moral views. Biff appears successful in high school as a football player, but reaps no benefit from this as he never goes to college. Initially he had planned to retake the math course he needed, but he catches his father with a mistress. After leaving the high school, he did many jobs but all failed. As biff said to Willy, I never got anywhere because you blew me so full of hot air I could never stand taking orders from anybody! Thats whose fault it is! (Arthur Miller, 1949:131) Obviously, again it is Willys improper education that leads to Biffs failure. 3.2.2 A husband disloyal to his wife In Willys reminiscence, there exists a woman, his mistress. Willy has affair with the woman and the affair was discovered by Biff. As a result of this, his belief in the fantasies his father has fed him cannot be maintained. This adultery is an indirect cause that Biff gave up to retake he math course, but evidence that Willy betrayed his wife, Linda. If Willy had had not affair with the woman, Biff might retake the math exam, and then he would go to college and had a promising future. Willy is always untrue to Linda. He tries to play the salesman with her. Every time he over his trip, he inflates his commission, but Linda also his lie. Although she does not buy his pitch to her, she still loves him. She does not measure Willys worth in terms of his professional success. Willy, however, needs more than love, which accepts character flaws, doubts, and insecurityhe seek desperately to be well liked. As such, he ignores the opportunity that Linda presents to him: to view himself more honestly, to acknowledge the reality of his life, and to accept himself for what he is feeling like a failure (Selena Ward, Brendan Greaves, 2003:61). If Willy could be true to Linda and himself, he would not choose to commit suicide. 3.3 Wrong outlooks on values Willy Loman is living in a time when the nature of business itself is undergoing intrinsic changes, partly due to the capitalist pressure to make more money and become more efficient. But he fails to understand the complex and ruthless business community and he still pursue equity and justifiability blindly. So he hugs his outmoded beliefs: Just work hard, be honest and well-liked, you will succeed. However, he is rebuffed in the real life. The reason is that Willys outlooks on values are wrong. His recurring description and memory of Dave Singleman manifest his ideal life in his mind: What could be more satisfying than be able to go, at the age of eighty-four, into twenty or thirty different cities, and pick up a phone, and be remembered and loved and helped by so many different people? and When he diedand by the way he died the death of a salesman, in his green velvet slippers in the smoker of the New York, New Haven and Hartford, going into BostonWhen he died hundreds of salesmen and buyers were at his funeral. Things were sad on a lotta trains for months after that. (Arthur Miller, 1949:81) He speakes of Dave Singleman as a legend and imagines that his death must have been beautifully noble. But he fails to realize the hopeless of Singlemans lonely, on-the-job, on-the-road death. During Singlemans age, there was personality, respect, comradeship and gratitude in it. But in the present day, it is all cut and dried. The time full of light and friendship is long gone. Todays American society has been a concrete jungle. Here the survival law is like the law of the jungle in the animal world in primitive time, even more relentless and ruthless. People are molded to be more indifferent and greedy. They worship money. Money dominatesalmost everything including personality, respect, gratitude and even man, could be evaluated in terms of money. But Willy doesnt realize the shift of the times and values. He still keeps riding on a smile, making friends, exaggerating and hoping being liked so as to make a sale. He adheres to his own principles and wrong values that cost his life i n the end. 3.4 A victim of the American Dream The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States of America in which democratic ideals are perceived as a promise of prosperity for its people. In the American Dream, first expressed by James Truslow Adams in 1931, he states, The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position (James Truslow Adams, 1931) The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the second sentence of the Declaration of Independence wh ich states that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights including Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. (the Declaration of Independence) However, the industrialization of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream. After World War II, the United States faced profound and irreconcilable domestic tensions and contradictions. Although the war had ostensibly engendered an unprecedented sense of American confidence, and security, the United States became increasingly embroiled in a tense cold war with the Soviet Union. The propagation of myths of a peaceful, homogenous, and nauseatingly gleeful American golden age was tempered by constant anxiety about Communism. (Selena Ward, Brendan Greaves, 2003:3)The government cannot provide the citizen with a fair environment. People feel desperate and lose themselves. They consider their American dream as making a fortune. They pursuit their dreams by centering their lives around material possessions, such as cars, appliances. There are exhausted to keep up with their equally materialistic neighbors. Seemingly, they are rich in materials, but they are in poor spirit. Many American families become the victims of the American Dream. Unfortunately, the Lomans is one of them. In the search of the good life, the Lomans surroud themselves with many things above and beyond the necessities of life. However, these goods are only available at a price, and not everyone in society can afford them. The Lomans try to keep up, with a refrigerator, a vacuum, and a new car, but they find themselves in a constant state of worry that they may be not able to meet all the payments. So when Willy is sixty-three years old, he is still in debt. In Willys life, he has two dreams. One is to set up his own company while the other is his two sons can succeed. But Willys two great dreams come to a totally failure. Because he believes that any well liked and personally attractive man can achieve the dream. And he also passes this belief to his sons. Bernard can get the best marks in school, y understand, but when he gets out in the business world, yunderstand, you are going to be five times ahead of him. Thats why I thank Almighty God youre both built like Adonises. Because the man who makes an personal in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want. (Arthur Miller, 1949:33) His understanding of the qualities of attractiveness and likeability is very superficial. He blindly expects to achieve material, emotional, and even spiritual satisfaction through personal attractiveness and being well liked. He fails to see that Charley and his son are successful because of lifelong hard work and not because of the illusions of social popularity and physical appearances. His blind faith in his stunted version of the American Dream leads to his rapid psychological decline when he is unable to accept the disparity between the ideal dream and his own life. 4. Enlightenment from Willy Lomans fate From the previous analysis, we have a better understanding of Willy Lomans fate. We cannot help showing our sympathy for his downfall. But this tragedy leaves us not only the sigh, but also the deep meditation. We can gain a good deal of enlightenment from his fate. Firstly, we should have a round and accurate evaluation about ourselves. Everyone is unique in the world. We have both merits and demerits. If we can make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, then we will become more competent and more confidence to deal with the changeable and competitive society. Secondly, our dreams should not go too far away from the reality. It is good to have dreams. Dreams can motive us to work hard to live a better life. In this way, the society can make progress. But our dreams should base on reality. It should be practical to realize the dreams. If the dreams seem impossible to realize, we may feel disappointed and lose confidence when we find the disparity between the dream and our life. Thirdly, we should make a plan that fit ourselves to realize the dream. We should see through the key to success. We should not like Willy Loman think it is well liked. But we can learn from Charley that the key to success is hard work and maintain our morality intact. Fourthly, spiritual wealth is more important than material wealth. In the modern society, material civilization is highly developed while there exists a crisis of mental world of human beings. Money worship and hedonism are prevailing, the view of value is collapsing, and men tend to become the slaver of material desire. So we cannot ignore our spiritual world. In our spare time, we should enrich our spirit world by reading books of real worth and live a worthy life. 5. Conclusion In Death of a salesman, Miller charges America with selling a false myth constructed around a capitalist materialism. And this materialism obscured the personal truth and moral vision of original American Dream described by the countrys founders. Willy Lomans inaccurate self-evaluation, incompetent role-player in family, wrong outlooks on values and being a victim of the American Dream bring about his downfall. His fate reveals the contradiction between material and spirit, reality and dream. Thus it makes the play become one of the best modern tragedies.

The Fungi Formerly Known as Dentinum Repandum :: Hydnum Repandum Fungus Essays

The Fungi Formerly Known as Dentinum Repandum This paper will cover a description of Hydnum repandum, its ecology, and some research involving the species. The first topic to be discussed in this paper is a description of Hydnum repandum, which was until recently referred to as Dentinum repandum. The description of the fungi will start with the appearance of H. repandum, and will be followed by the life cycle of the noted species. The appearance of Hydnum repandum is quite unique. The stipe of the fungi can range from two to seven centimeters tall, and one to three centimeters thick (Wood). The surface of the stipe can range from cream to yellow in color, and is dry and smooth. The cap of the mushroom is two to ten centimeters broad, with a smooth, dry surface (Graham 84). The caps color can range from cream to orange. It has a thick flesh that is very brittle, with a mild taste and odor. The hymenophore has teeth that are 0.4 to 0.6 centimeters long. They are cream colored, and also brittle (Wood). The life cycle of Hydnum repandum is fairly simple, as you can see from Figure 2. It falls into the subdivision of Eumycota, called Basidiomycotina (Ross 18). This group contains many large, fleshy fungi, To begin this discussion on the life cycle of Hydnum Repandum, this text will start with the basidiospore germination (Webster 295). This results in a haploid mycelium with a single nucleus in each cell. It is then referred to as the monokaryon, or the primary mycelium (Ross 141). Following this, two genetically different thalli come together, and the nuclei move from one thallus into another. The migration of nuclei usually results in both of the thalli becoming dikaryotic (Ross 142). This nuclear migration is very quick, and every hyphal tip becomes binucleate. The subsequent growth of the mushroom is all dikaryon (Ross 143). The next step includes the two nuclei of the dikaryon fusing through karyogomy (Ross 146). The resulting diploid zygotic nucleus then undergoes meiosis, and four haploid nuclei are formed in the basidium (Webster 280). The haploid nuclei move into projections on the basidium, which turn into spores. The spores are attached to the sterigmata until they are released (Ross 146). The cycle then starts over again. The next topic for discussion in this paper is ecology. This will include, preferred habitats and interactions with abiotic and biotic elements of the environment.

Genres Of Literature

Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. There are several genres of literature that fall under the nonfiction category. Nonfiction sits in direct opposition to fiction. Examples from both the fiction and nonfiction genres of literature are explained in detail below. This detailed genres of literature list is a great resource to share with any scholars. Types of Nonfiction: Narrative Nonfiction is information based on fact that is presented in a format whichtells a story. Essays are a short literary composition that reflects the author’s outlook or point. A short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and generally analytic, speculative, or interpretative. A Biography is a written account of another person’s life. An Autobiography gives the history of a person’s life, written or told by that person. Often written in Narrativ e form of their person’s life. Speech is the faculty or power of speaking; oral communication; ability to express one’s thoughts and emotions by speech, sounds, and gesture.Generally delivered in the form of an address or discourse. Finally there is the general genre of Nonfiction. This is Informational text dealing with an actual, real-life subject. This genre of literature offers opinions or conjectures on facts and reality. This includes biographies, history, essays, speech, and narrative nonfiction. Nonfiction opposes fiction and is distinguished from those fiction genres of literature like poetry and drama which is the next section we will discuss.

Failure Analysis Essay

Team D will analyze the organizations Samsung Electronics Company (SEC) and Research In Motion – Blackberry (RIM). The study will analyze in depth the success of Samsung and the failure of Blackberry. The paper analyzes how Samsung evolved into one of the largest conglomerates in the world during the past decade the demise of Blackberry and how the company failed. Vision and Mission Statement Samsung Vision Statement, The vision of SAMSUNG Electronics is â€Å"Leading the Digital Convergence Revolution† (Samsung, 2013, p. 1). Mission Statement â€Å"To experience the joy of advancing and applying technology for the benefit of the public† (Samsung, 2013, p. 1.). Established in 1938, Samsung has gone thru many changes. During its various changes, Samsung continues to modify its mission statement according to its own change and to new developments globally. â€Å"Economic contribution to the nation† â€Å", Priority to human resources† â€Å" Pursuit of rationalism† are slogans that represent important moments in Samsung’s history. The organization has grown from a national leader to a worldwide consumer leader. The constant fluctuation in the global economy, competition, and operations, Samsung transformed its mission statement in 1990. According to Samsung’s philosophy, â€Å"We will devote our human resources and technology to create superior products and services, thereby contributing to a better global society† (Samsung, 2013, p. 2.). The organizations attitude is a representation of its determination to contribute to the success of people globally. Key factors for Samsung is the dedication, creativity, and talent of its employees. The strong leadership and team support has made endless opportunities for new technology and achieving higher standard of living globally. Leadership at Samsung believe its success is due to its contribution to people worldwide and to the shared prosperity between national boundaries worldwide. This determines how they manage their  company. The objective for Samsung Electronics is to generate the future with its consumers. SEC can be considered as one of very few companies that â€Å"manage to go beyond mere imitation of global competitors, leverage resources, accelerate the pace of organizational learning and manage to attain seemingly impossible goals† ( Hamel and Prahalad, 1989). Vision and Mission Statement Blackberry vision statement, â€Å"Blackberry aims to be the premier center for management development excelling in developing managers of tomorrow; strengthening management capabilities and facilitating policy options to meet emerging challenges†. (Blackberry, 2013, p.1.). Mission statement, â€Å"To develop socially and professionally responsible and proactive managers and leaders with holistic perspectives and competencies.† (Blackberry, 2013, p.1.) In realizing the above vision and mission, RIM focuses on the following strategic areas: In 1994, Blackberry (RIM) was created. The organization is located in Waterloo, Ontario Canada. Other locations include Europe, United States, Mexico, and Asia Pacific. Blackberry lead the design, fabrication, distributor of its wireless solutions for the global cellular communications market. The creation of combined software, services, and support, Blackberry provided solutions for email, cell phone, SMS, MMS, Intranet, and Internet applications â€Å"The beauty of this device was that users could do all of these functions even as they were striding down the sidewalk, far from any desktop computer† (Kim, 2008). . The organization provided services for Civil Service, local governance, and the private sector. This enabled Blackberry to strengthen and develop into a strong financial, self-supported Institute. The downfall of Blackberry began on January 9, 2007, with the introduction of the iPhone. Apple sold a million iPhones the first week of its release, signaling the era of the smartphone. In a conference call on March 29, 2012 CEO Thorsten Heins stated, â€Å"It is now very clear to me that substantial change is what RIM needs,† (All Thing D, 2012, p. 1.). The CEO is creating something Blackberry has not had for a long time, a vision. . â€Å"We believe that BlackBerry cannot succeed if we try to be everybody’s darling and all things to all people†, (All Things D, 2012, p. 1.). It might be too late but  the organization will undertake a complete review analysis of the way the company operates. Leadership style, management, organizational structure, and culture Samsung Electronics is a worldwide organization with nearly 160,000 employees and operates in countries worldwide. Samsung is devoted to having a healthy organizational culture. It believes that ethical management is not only a tool for responding to the rapid changes in the global business environment, but also a vehicle for building trust with its various stakeholders, shareholders, customers, partners, employees, and local communities around the world. Samsung’s aim is to become one of the most ethical companies in the world that is respected by its stakeholders, Samsung Electronics continues to train its employees and operate monitoring systems, while practicing fair and transparent corporate management. Samsung has established a good and safe working environment for its personnel, this improves employee morale and productivity and commitment to the organization. Employees respect all workers despite the positions they have. Workers and leaders have a good relationship that allows both side to work together on workers grievances relating to their work environment. The relationships between the workers and leaders are interactive and workers grievances relating to their working environment and other labor related issues work well. Workers at Samsung will respect all workers despite the roles they play. CEO Kwon Oh Hyun is a commanding leader, almost militarist in leading. In South Korea, this style of leadership is very effective; unlike in the United States a commanding leader for a non-military organization would be ineffective. Kwon Oh Hyun is direct, takes tight control, very demanding, disciplined, and demands immediate compliance within the company, from top to bottom. It is difficult to recognize what leadership style is within Blackberry. What has brought Blackberry to its demise is not having a clear vision from its upper executives. Their leaders had no sense of direction to innovate the organization. Blackberry ten years ago was a leader in the cellular business. Customers who owned a blackberry phone felt important, celebrities, Wall Street investment bankers. Today Blackberry is at jeopardy on becoming obsolete. Blackberry made some critical mistakes, which put the organization in jeopardy. The organization  disregarded the iPhone until it was too late. Prior CEO Lazaridis â€Å"told his employees that no one would buy the iPhone because customers did not want a personal computer on their cell phones.† (Forbes, 2011, p. 2.) Blackberry promoted a culture of unwillingness and closed communication. Upper executives did not want to listen to ideas from below. Additionally, a critical mistake was waiting too long to innovate new products into their product line. Their current product line is a big dinosaur and still look much like their first phones. To further trouble Blackberry, two major outages occurred on April 2007 and again in February 2008, each outage lasted for a few days. Leading Organizational Change Team D would use the Kotter’s Eight Steps Detailed guidance for managing change. First major change is to establish a sense of urgency, in order to create a compelling reason for change. The compelling reason for change is to seek new ways of innovation. Keeping up with the global rapid change in the telecommunications, industry is vital. [Change process theories describe a typical pattern of events that occur from the beginning of a change to the end, and in some cases they describe how earlier changes affect subsequent changes. The theories may identify distinct phases in the process, stages in the reaction of individuals, or effects of repeated changes on people.] (Gary Yukl, 2013, p. 1.) In order to keep Blackberry competitive with the market, the organization must find new products to introduce into the market. Introducing a new lineup of products such as new cell phone models is vital for the company to compete with its competitors. The sense of urgency is creating and updating our products in time to keep up with the competition. The team would create a coalition between upper management to establish the new change for blackberry. The coalition between top executives would facilitate the introduction of the new strategy into our new business plan. A major priority for blackberry and its top executives is to create a clear vision for the upcoming change of the organization. The next hurdle is to widely open up communication barriers and simplify the communication between upper management on down. Blackberry will promote a culture of open communication and willingness for all its employees. The open communication will enable the organization to communicate the vision throughout the company. Good communication will help the organization with employees who resist change. Communication between upper management and employees will help give a clear vision of the change. Inadequate communication will give employees a sense of false information for example believe that change is not feasible, fear of personal failure, loss of status, and economic threat. The CEO will empower other managers to act on the vision by encouraging risk-taking and removing barriers to help solve problems. The new plan will take two years to implement. The action plan will include short-term goals that move blackberry toward the new vision. The change will allow upper management on down to consolidate improvement. All management reassess all changes to include analytical information, the consolidation improvements will allow the organization to make any necessary adjustments in the new programs. All management will have to lead by example and demonstrate the success of the cultural change. The new plan will reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between the new behaviors. The leadership styles will be between transformational and visionary leadership. These leadership styles will inspire the conviction of the new vision and will give blackberry a clear direction to succeed in the new change. Transformational leadership will inspire and develop empowering focus on the new plan. Conclusion During significant change to a company’s structure and strategies, personnel can experience high levels of stress on the job. Prior to executing the strategies, organizations must empower employees to adopt the role of change and encourage them to take action to solve the problems that stresses them. A large piece of the puzzle is communication between upper management on down. Personnel need to feel that they are empowered during the phase of the change. Although few organizations fully acknowledge their role in helping employees, cope with change. Individual reactions to change your complex and most experts agree that people tend to be uncomfortable with change; employees do not want to depart from their comfort zone.